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RESOURCES > EIS
> INDUCTANCE > LOW FREQ
 Inductance and Inductive Loops
Inductive behavior which appears in the high frequency range is fairly easily explained
by instrumental artifacts, or by the inductance of the electrode, or the inductance of the
connecting wires. Inductive behavior at LOW frequencies, however, still mystifies
many. Here are some possible explanations.
A Nyquist plot, similar to that shown on the
right, is occasionally seen in the impedance literature. Although the two arcs
appear to be semicircles, they are often distorted near the rightmost extreme in Z'. The
point of maximum Z' often occurs above the x-axis, in the first quadrant, not on
the x-axis as is shown here. The segment shown in red identifies the region of low
frequency inductive behavior. An equivalent circuit that might fit this data is shown
below.
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A
Nyquist plot showing low frequency inductive behavior. The arrows point toward higher frequencies.
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Depending on the relative magnitudes of the time constants R2C and
L/(R2+R3), the "diameter" of the red arc in the Nyquist plot,
above, may be anywhere from zero to R3. The position of the "middle
frequency" x-axis intercept (indicated by the "?") be as small as R1+R2
[ when L/R3<<R2C ] or as large as (R1+R2+R3)
[ when L/R3>>(R2+R3)C ]. |
Large
Inductance Values!
In contrast to the "high frequency"
inductor, the value of L which fits this data is in the range of one Henry, or perhaps
larger. Values this large can not be attributed to stray inductance or coiled wires. Inductances
of this magnitude are characteristic of an electronic iron-core power transformer the size of a
10 cm (4 inch) cube weighing a kilogram or more!
Adsorption?
(MORE)
The most quoted
explanation for this low frequency inductive behavior is an adsorption process at the
electrode surface. I recently came across a few papers which deal with inductance,
including one which details an instrumental artifact that can yield
low frequency inductive behavior!
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